Failure of Governance and State Responsibility in the Free Nutritious Meals (FNM) Program
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65119/jspds.v2i2.33Keywords:
State accountability, Just and civilized humanity, Food quality, Pancasila, Nutritious Meal ProgramAbstract
The Nutritious Meal Program (NMP) is a strategic government policy aimed at fulfilling children's basic right to safe, healthy, and nutritious food. However, its implementation in various regions faces serious problems in the form of mass poisoning cases affecting thousands of children in several areas such as Sukabumi, Gowa, Depok, and West Bandung. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive method with a socio-legal approach to examine the failure of state accountability in ensuring the quality of children's food. Data was collected thru multi-site case studies, document analysis, and official reports from food and health regulatory agencies. The research results indicate that weak quality control, inter-agency coordination, and the implementation of food safety standards were the main factors causing the incident. This finding confirms that the issue of food quality is not just a technical one, but also reflects a moral and ethical crisis in the state's fulfillment of its responsibilities toward its citizens, particularly children as a vulnerable group. Based on the value of the second principle of Pancasila, "Just and Civilized Humanity," the state should actively and responsibly ensure the right to adequate and safe food. This research recommends strengthening public participation-based supervision, improving food safety literacy, and conducting a thorough evaluation of the MBG Program's implementation mechanisms to align with civilized human values.
References
Adeoya, A. A., Sasaki, H., Fuda, M., Okamoto, T., & Egawa, S. (2022). Child Nutrition in Disaster: A Scoping Review [Review of Child Nutrition in Disaster: A Scoping Review]. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 256(2), 103. Tohoku University. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.256.103
Adinia, S., & Choiriyah, I. U. (2024). STRATEGI PROGRAM KETAHANAN PANGAN DALAM MENANGGULANGI STUNTING DI DESA KETAPANG KECAMATAN TANGGULANGIN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO. Equilibrium Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 13(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.35906/equili.v13i1.1896
Agustini, U. (2025). Efektivitas dan Tantangan Kebijakan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis sebagai Intervensi Pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kiprah Pendidikan, 4(3), 362. https://doi.org/10.33578/kpd.v4i3.p362-368
Ahmad A. R., Mohd, Moustapha Ganama, Mohd & Mohd (2023b). Assessing Forced Labor & Standards in Malaysian Palm Oil Industry. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(6), pp.e002363–e002363. doi:https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i6.2363.
Amin, M., Amanwinata, R. & Pantja Astawa, I.G. (2021). POLITIK HUKUM BIDANG PANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN INDONESIA. Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran, 3(1), pp.150–167. doi:https://doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v3i1.714.
Andin, A., Risti, D., Latifah, I., Panuntun, M., Nur, M., Selviani, R., & Saptatiningsih, R. I. (2024). Penerapan Nilai Pancasila Melalui Program Makan Bergizi Gratis. IJEDR Indonesian Journal of Education and Development Research, 3(1), 370. https://doi.org/10.57235/ijedr.v3i1.4684
Blankenship, J., White, J. M., Pries, A. M., Badham, J., Betigeri, A., Cade, J., Cashin, J., Cosenza, L., Drummond, E., Mulder, A. M., Nasser, N., Nguyen, T. T., Singhkumarwong, A., Sweet, L., Threpleton, D., Vu, D. H., Zehner, E., & Kupka, R. (2023). First foods in a packaged world: Results from the COMMIT consortium to protect young child diets in Southeast Asia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 19. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13604
Burchi, F., & Muro, P. D. (2012). A Human Development and Capability Approach to Food Security: Conceptual Framework and Informational Basis. RePEc: Research Papers in Economics.
Detik News. (2025, October 10). Ini Menu MBG di Banjar Diduga Bikin 75 Orang Keracunan, Bupati Evaluasi. Detik.
Detik News. (2025, October 9). 75 Orang di Banjar Kalsel Diduga Keracunan MBG, Salah Satunya Kepsek. Detik.
Detik News. (2025, September 29). Terungkap Bakteri 'Biang Kerok' Keracunan MBG di Bandung Barat. Detik.
Duan, K., Onyeaka, H., Pang, G., & Meng, Z. D. (2024). Pioneering food safety: Blockchain’s integration in supply chain surveillance. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 18, 101281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101281
Dwijayanti, A. (2024). Policy Spillover: Analisis Jaringan Dampak Kebijakan Makan Siang Bergizi Gratis terhadap Sektor Pertanian. JURNAL ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK, 20(2), 281. https://doi.org/10.52316/jap.v20i2.435
Elizabeth, I.R., Suyatma, N.E., Yuliana, N.D., Ranasasmita, R. & Syaifullah, S.J. (2021). Integration of ISO 22000 (2018) and HAS 23000 through Management System Audit: Case Study in Corned Beef Producer. Indonesian Journal of Halal Research, 3(2), pp.43–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v3i2.13515.
Figueiredo, A.C.F. de, Paiva, L.C., Veiga, S.M.O.M., Pereira, W.X. & Boas, A.F.V. (2021). Avaliação da implementação das ferramentas de qualidade em uma unidade de alimentação e nutrição institucional. Research, Society and Development, 10(12), p.e172111220195. doi:https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20195.
Haque, I. T. E., Putra, S., Suparno, S., & Noor, A. (2023). Ensuring the Health and Safety of Indonesian School Children: Legal Protections in Snack Consumption. Qubahan Academic Journal, 3(4), 62. https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v3n4a161
Hermawan, S. & Hariyanto, W. (2022). Buku Ajar Metode Penelitian Bisnis (Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif ). doi:https://doi.org/10.21070/2022/978-623-464-047-2.
Herwansyah, D., Novaria, E., Asteriniah, F., & Lisdiana, L. (2025). EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PENGADAAN BAHAN MAKANAN PASIEN DI RSUD SITI FATIMAH PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN. CENDEKIA Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan, 5(4), 1508. https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v5i4.7149
Karomah, U., Wahyuni, F. C., & Trisnasari, Y. D. (2024). Program Penyelenggaraan Makan Siang Sekolah: Studi Literatur tentang Dampak Kesehatan, Hambatan dan Tantangan. Salus Cultura Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia Dan Kebudayaan, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.55480/saluscultura.v4i1.188
Łȩkawska-Andrinopoulou, L., Tsiakou, D., Chatzioannou, K., Tsimiklis, G., & Amditis, A. (2024). Towards dynamic digital product passport: The approach for food sector. E3S Web of Conferences, 585, 8001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458508001
Lis Yulianti Siregar & Maulia Mutiara Siagian (2023). Persepsi Orang Tua tentang Konsumsi Junk Food untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(3), pp.3477–3485. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i3.4638.
Martínez‐Tomé, M., Vera, A. M., & Murcia, M. A. (2000). Improving the control of food production in catering establishments with particular reference to the safety of salads. Food Control, 11(6), 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0956-7135(00)00006-2
Mielech, A., Puścion‐Jakubik, A., & Socha, K. (2021). Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers [Review of Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers]. Nutrients, 13(7), 2358. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072358
New Indonesia. (2025, October 6). JPPI ungkap korban keracunan MBG per 4 Oktober: 10.482 anak. New Indonesia.
Qomarrullah, R., Suratni, S., S, L. W., & Sawir, M. (2025). Dampak Jangka Panjang Program Makan Bergizi Gratis terhadap Kesehatan dan Keberlanjutan Pendidikan. Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, 5(2), 130. https://doi.org/10.51577/ijipublication.v5i2.660
Rifkiana, M.F., Ishomi, F.Z. & Ramadhan, H.D. (2022). Business Process Evaluation and Improvement Using the Quality Evaluation Framework Approach Restaurant Management During a Pandemic. Journal of Advances in Information Systems and Technology, 3(2), pp.75–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.15294/jaist.v3i2.52989.
Riyanto, O.S. & Sinaga, M.R.E. (2025). PENEGAKAN HAK ANAK ATAS MAKANAN AMAN DAN SEHAT: STUDI KASUS KERACUNAN DALAM PROGRAM MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS DITINJAU DARI TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA. Juris Humanity: Jurnal Riset dan Kajian Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(1), pp.1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.37631/jrkhm.v4i1.84.
Rochmah, T.N. (2020). Improving Nutrition Services to Reduce Plate Waste in Patients Hospitalized Based on Theory of Constraint. Amerta Nutrition, 4(4), p.335. doi:https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v4i4.2020.335-341.
Rowe, L. A. (2020). Addressing the Fortification Quality Gap: A Proposed Way Forward [Review of Addressing the Fortification Quality Gap: A Proposed Way Forward]. Nutrients, 12(12), 3899. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123899
Saa, S. (2024). Evaluation of the policy program for strengthening local food commodities for sustainable food security in papua. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(2), p.478. doi:https://doi.org/10.29210/020244167.
Safari, A., Machfud, M., Eriyatno, E., & Daryanto, H. K. (2016). Child Health Improvement through Implementation of Food Safety Model. Kesmas National Public Health Journal, 10(4), 169. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v10i4.690
Sakharina, I.K., Noor, S.M., Daud, A.A., Widayanti, T., Pratama, W. and Mutaallif, S. (2021). KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN BUDI DAYA PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN DALAM ASPEK HAK ASASI MANUSIA. HERMENEUTIKA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 5(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.33603/hermeneutika.v5i2.5632.
Sarjito, A. (2024). Free Nutritious Meal Program as a Human Resource Development Strategy to Support National Defence. International Journal Administration Business and Organization, 5(5), 129. https://doi.org/10.61242/ijabo.24.454
Sekiyama, M., Kawakami, T., Nurdiani, R., Roosita, K., Rimbawan, R., Murayama, N., Ishida, H., & Nozue, M. (2018). School Feeding Programs in Indonesia. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 76. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.76.s86
Sinaga, H. G., & Syarief, M. H. (2025). Impact of Free Nutritious Lunch Program on Student Well-Being and Learning Achievement in Indonesia: Implementation by 2025. Global Journal of Economic and Finance Research., 2(1). https://doi.org/10.55677/gjefr/09-2025-vol02e1
SUHAILA, S., YUSLAINIWATI, Y., YAMIN, L., SUTALHIS, M., & NOVARIA, E. (2024). EFEKTIVITAS PROMOSI PROGRAM B2SA DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI 5 WILAYAH SUMATERA SELATAN. CENDEKIA Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan, 4(3), 306. https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v4i3.3175
Suliati, S., Museyaroh, M., Yunita, E. F., & Istanto, W. (2025). PEMBERDAYAAN WALI MURID TK DALAM EDUKASI PMT MELALUI MEDIA EDUKASI DI DESA DUKUHTENGAH KECAMATAN KRIAN SIDOARJO. COMMUNITY Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(2), 528. https://doi.org/10.51878/community.v5i2.7321
Sunarjo, W. A., & Sunarjo, W. A. (2023). ANALISIS MUTU PRODUK UMKM MELALUI PENERAPAN GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE. DERIVATIF Jurnal Manajemen, 17(2), 320. https://doi.org/10.24127/jm.v17i2.1854
Tambunan, K. A. H., Nababan, R., Siagian, R. A., Naiborhu, R., Harianti, S., & Jamaludin, J. (2025). Tinjauan Kritis Tentang Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Terhadap Produktivitas Belajar Siswa. Katalis Pendidikan, 2(2), 21. https://doi.org/10.62383/katalis.v2i2.1428
Teguh Triwiyanto, Desi Eri Kusumaningrum & Sobri, A.Y. (2024). HAMBATAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MANAJEMEN AKUNTABILITAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI. Scholaria Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 14(2), pp.119–132. doi:https://doi.org/10.24246/j.js.2024.v14.i2.p119-132.
Tejosaputra, L.R. & Wijaya, H. (2019). Updating Standard Operating Procedures : Tuntutan Manajemen? Studi Kasus Pada Unit Gizi Rumah Sakit X Di Surabaya. InFestasi, 14(2), p.94. doi:https://doi.org/10.21107/infestasi.v14i2.4854.
Tempo. (2022, May 15). Kasus keracunan makanan di Tasikmalaya: Puluhan siswa dilarikan ke RS. Tempo.co.
Tempo. (2025, September 27). Korban Keracunan MBG di Bandung Barat Capai 1.309 Orang, 65 Masih Dirawat. Tempo.
Toro, C. M., Carriedo, Á., Tamayo, E. M. P., & Crosbie, E. (2023). Barriers to Overcoming Child Hunger and Malnutrition: Applying a Human Rights Approach to Improve Policy and Action [Review of Barriers to Overcoming Child Hunger and Malnutrition: Applying a Human Rights Approach to Improve Policy and Action]. International Journal of Public Health, 68. Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605969.
UGM. (2025, August 29). Kasus Keracunan MBG di Sleman dan Lebong, Pakar UGM Sebut Minimnya Pengawasan Proses Penyiapan Makanan Higienis. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan. (2012). Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia.
Utomo, M.C.C., Mahmudy, W.F. & Anam, S. (2017). Kombinasi Logika Fuzzy dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan untuk Prakiraan Curah Hujan Timeseries di Area Puspo – Jawa Timur. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer, 4(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.201743299.
Van, V. T. S., Siguin, C. P., Lacsina, A. C., Yao, L. F. L., Sales, Z. G., Gordoncillo, N. P., Advincula-Lopez, L., Sescon, J. T., & Miro, E. D. (2021). Evaluating a Community-Led Central-Kitchen Model for School Feeding Programs in the Philippines: Learnings for Multisectoral Action for Health. RePEc: Research Papers in Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/agy/dpaper/202102.html
Wells, J. C. K., Marphatia, A. A., Amable, G. S., Siervo, M., Friis, H., Miranda, J. J., Haisma, H., & Raubenheimer, D. (2021). The future of human malnutrition: rebalancing agency for better nutritional health [Review of The future of human malnutrition: rebalancing agency for better nutritional health]. Globalization and Health, 17(1). BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00767-4
Yusran Baginda Luhulima, Yvonne, A. & Franco, S. (2023). Konsep Pemenuhan Hak Atas Pangan Bagi Masyarakat Di Wilayah Perbatasan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. PATTIMURA Legal Journal, 2(1), pp.1–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.47268/pela.v2i1.7560.
Yunita, S., MANIK, I. W., SIMANJUNTAK, P., Sari, M. W., & Sati, N. (2024). THE INFLUENCE OF HAZARDOUS FOOD CHEMICAL USE ON COMMUNITY WELFARE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIMED STUDENTS. CENDEKIA Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan, 4(4), 465. https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v4i4.3466
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Social, Policy and Development Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
